USA accidental tragic Nuke

 

On a cold morning in January 1961 Goldsboro, North Carolina woke up to this; a thermonuclear bomb sticking out of the ground. A second unexploded bomb was buried in a crater not far away. Both nukes had literally fallen out of a crashing B-52 bomber in the middle of the night. Had either bomb gone off, they would have unleashed an explosion with two hundred and fifty times the destructive power of Hiroshima. The fireball alone would have been more than a kilometer and a half wide, vaporizing everything in its path. Nuclear fallout could have blanketed much of the East Coast, reaching as far as Washington, Baltimore, or even New York. 

 

This incident, according to recently declassified documents, was a close call. Because at least one of the bombs had armed itself as it fell back to earth, and it's widely believed that only a single safety switch prevented disaster. But as harrowing as it sounds, what happened in Goldsboro would repeat itself. Throughout the 1960s, B-52 bombers accidentally dropped a total of 14 thermonuclear bombs, and sometimes with serious consequences. During the height of the Cold War, America kept bombers, loaded up with thermonuclear weapons airborne at all times, twenty-four hours a day, every day of the year. At any given moment, there were at least a dozen nuclear bombers in the air, flying one of several routes approaching the Soviet Union. It was called Operation Chrome Dome. A program to keep nuclear bombers on continuous airborne alert, so that if the Soviets launched a surprise nuclear attack, America would be ready to respond. And keeping the bombers airborne was critical. Because in 1957, the Soviets launched the world's first intercontinental ballistic missile. Sticking a nuke on top of a rocket was a gamechanger. Unlike a bomber which needed hours to deliver a nuclear bomb, a missile could hit its targeting under half an hour. 

And there had been little warning of one coming, nor any way to stop it. Gentlemen this Air Intelligence Briefing is secret. We have analyzed the Soviet guided missile test program in great depth. The Soviet missile development program reveals that it introduces a new dimension to surprise and forces us to reassess our own strategic position and reevaluate the Soviet haves ability to deal with a crippling blow. By the late 1950s, American intelligence was convinced that the West had fallen behind in nuclear missile technology. And the Soviet has wasn't exactly shy about it either. Khrushchev bragged openly that Soviet factories were cranking missiles out like sausages. If true, it meant the Soviets would soon gain an enormous strategic advantage, one that could even knock out America has the ability to respond to a Soviet nuclear attack. Because faced with a barrage of incoming missiles, America has bombers might not even make it off the ground in time. And that has where Operation Chrome Dome came in. By keeping some of America's nuclear bombers airborne at all times, they would be well out of harm has the way and ready to head towards the Soviet Union. Knowing this, the Soviets might reconsider. But the program would push B-52s and their flight crews to their limits. Bombers would be in the air for as long as24 hours. It was risky, and the obvious question at least someone had to be asking was, what happens when one of these bombers loaded up with nukes crashes? 

The answer came just three months into the program. But Goldsboro would be just the first in a string of early accidents in which a total of six nuclear bombs crashed back to earth, only to be recovered without much in the way of consequences. The bombs simply hit the ground without any of their conventional or nuclear explosives detonating. It might have even created a false sense of confidence. Because Chrome Dome missions continued for years, even as it became clear that the Soviets never had a missile superiority, to begin with. The bombers were kept flying because unlike buried missiles silos, and stealthy nuclear submarines, B-52 has patrolling Soviet borders were a constant reminder that America was ready. But the program would soon be seen in an entirely different light. An accident over Palomares, Spain in 1966sent four nukes crashing back to earth. And this time, two of them detonated their conventional explosives. There was no nuclear blast. But five square kilometers of Spanish countryside were contaminated with radioactive plutonium. It was the worst nuclear accident of its time, and 17,000 tonnes of radioactive soil had to be shipped back to the United States in an enormous cleanup effort. Decades later, there were still traces of the contamination at the site. After Spain the incident, Operation ChromeDome was scaled back. 

But that wouldn't prevent a final accident in Thule Greenland when another four thermonuclear bombs came crashing back to earth. All of them detonated their conventional explosives, spreading contamination over a large area. One of the nuclear bombs was never recovered. And that put an immediate end to Operation Chrome Dome. The Cold War, especially during the 1960s, was an insane time, and the legacy of OperationChrome Dome is hard to pin down. America accidentally dropped 14 Nuclear Bombs. But keeping bombers airborne for eight straight years also helped maintain the delicate balance of power between America and the Soviet Union, and it might have prevented nuclear war.